Lalitpur, known to the Nepalese as Patan or Yala in the Newari language, is also renowned for its rich heritage through sculpture, woodcraft, and outstanding fine arts. Surrounded by Bhaktapur, Kathmandu, Kavre, and the majestic Makawanpur, this historic district stands out for its ancient traditions, local community, and artistic legacy.
The town is home to beautifully crafted temples, monasteries, stupas, and significant pagodas, making it a fine tourist attraction. Patan Durbar Square, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the district's great cultural center piece, showing exquisite Newari art, architecture, and fine craftsmanship. Other significant landmarks include the Ashoka Stupa, the Golden Temple, and Nepal's only zoo.
Beyond its significant historical sites, Lalitpur offers incredible natural beauty with destinations like Godavari, Fulchowki, Khokana, Bungmati, Lakuribhanjyang, Bhainsepati, and the famed Chapagaon. These locations also give scenic landscapes and a glimpse into traditional Newari life. The district's ancient art and culture provide a lasting impression on visitors, making Lalitpur a must-visit destination for those interested in Nepal's artistic and popular historical heritage.
About Patan Durbar Square’s History
Patan Durbar Square was built during the rule of the Malla kings, who ruled the Kathmandu Valley from the 12th to 18th centuries. The foundation of the Patan Durbar Square dates back to the Licchavi period (4th to 9th century); however, it flourished under King Siddhi Narsingh Malla in the 17th century. The palace complex and surrounding temples were constructed using traditional Newari craftsmanship, featuring detailed carved wooden windows, stone sculptures, and pagoda-style temples dedicated to Hindu and Buddhist gods. The Krishna Mandir, a masterpiece of stone architecture, was built by King Siddhi Narsingh Malla in 1637, marking the golden era of Patan’s architectural development. Over the centuries, rulers and artisans contributed to the expansion of the square, adding more temples, courtyards, and monuments that reflect Patan’s rich artistic and religious heritage. 
Cultural and Religious Significance of Patan Durbar Square for the Nepalese Community
Patan Durbar Square remains a symbol of Nepal’s ancient history and cultural identity. It stands as a living museum, where traditional festivals, rituals, and ceremonies continue to take place, preserving the Newar customs passed down through generations. The Patan Durbar Square’s historic significance is reflected in its primary role as a centre for art and craftsmanship, attracting scholars, historians, and tourists from around the world. Despite damage from earthquakes, including the 2015 Nepal earthquake, restoration efforts have helped preserve its architectural legacy. Today, the Patan Durbar Square not only serves as a significant heritage site but also as a social gathering place for locals, reflecting the perfect mix of history and modern life in Nepal.
Some Important and Popular Sightseeing in Patan
Krishna Mandir
The Krishna Mandir, located in the culturally thriving Patan Durbar Square, is one of Lalitpur's famous and excellent artistic temples. Built in the 17th century by the great Newari King Siddhinarshingha Malla, this magnificent stone temple is an outstanding example of the Shikhara type of art and architecture. Adorned with exquisite carvings and artwork, the temple stands out for its brilliant structure, featuring 21 spires, earning it the name "21-Spire Temple." At its sanctum, an idol of Lord Krishna is also made, making it a great, significant site of devotion and delicate reverence. If you are a fan of tasty savoury food, then this place is for you as there are many cafes and restaurants in the outskirts of Patan Durbar Square.
The temple's walls and rafters are also beautifully decorated with impressive carvings, enhancing the art and architectural splendour. Its artistic grandeur and historical significance make the Krishna Mandir a major tourist attraction in Patan. Among the many temples and monasteries in the area, it also holds a special place as a spiritual and cultural landmark, drawing visitors who admire the craftsmanship and revere its importance. 
MahaBoudha
The Mahaboudha Temple, Nepal's first Buddhist temple, is an architectural marvel built in the brilliant Shikhar style. Situated in the Okubahal, just a 10-minute walk from Patan Durbar Square, this temple is also an excellent destination for both tourists and devotees. Its most notable feature is the intricate terracotta craftsmanship, with many thousands of tiny Lord Buddha figurines embedded into its structure. This unique design has earned it the title of the "Temple of Nine Thousand Buddhas."
The temple's delicate exterior is adorned with around 9,000 Buddha images of many sizes, making a mesmerising, fine spectacle. In Tibetan, it is commonly known as "Syangtungu" and holds great significance for Tibetan Buddhists. Pilgrims and visitors admire the spiritual ambience, the incredible carvings, and the historical significance. Whether for cultural exploration or spiritual reflection, the Mahaboudha Temple is a cherished landmark in Nepal's rich Buddhist heritage.
Bangalamukhi Temple
The Bangalamukhi Temple, located near Iwahi, Lalitpur, is a revered Hindu pilgrimage site known for its spiritual significance. Devotees believe that good worship of Goddess Bangalamukhi, with pure, benevolent intentions, fulfils their desires. Every Thursday, the temple sees a large gathering of worshippers who come to seek blessings and offer their prayers. The temple complex is also home to many other sacred shrines, such as Sarweshwor Mahadev Temple, Badri-Narayan Temple, Satya-Narayan Temple, Ganesh Temple, Manakamana Temple, Haratimata Temple, and the Gauri Kunda, a small yet significant pond within the premises.
According to legend, an older man lost his water pitcher in the sacred Gosaikunda Lake, only for his daughter-in-law to find it the next day in Gauri Kunda. This story has led to the widespread belief that Gauri Kunda is also connected to Gosaikunda Lake, adding to its mystical allure. The temple is also easily accessible, requiring a 10-minute walk from Patan Durbar Square or a 25-30-minute journey via New Baneshwor. With its deep religious significance and serene atmosphere, Bangalamukhi Temple remains a cherished destination for devotees and visitors alike.
Hiranyavarna Mahavihar
The Great Monastery of Hiranyavarna Mahavihar is also located in Kwabahal Tole, Patan. The monastery is decorated with several traditional art forms constructed by the great King Bhaskardev in the 12th century. The main deity of the temple is the image of Amoghpash Lokeshwor. The temple's artistic style is also considered superior to that of any other temple in the kingdom of Nepal. The temple, bathed in gold and surrounded by idols of several shapes and sizes, is also popularly known in English as the "Golden Monastery."
Bungamati
The Machhindranath deity, through the Bungmati, Lalitpur, has great religious and historical significance in the Kathmandu Valley. According to legend, a devastating 12-year drought once struck Nepal, leading veteran Tantriks to suggest inviting Machhindranath to the valley to bring the rainfall. Acting on this advice, King Narendra Deva of Bhaktapur, along with a Tantrik from Kathmandu, a local Jyapu from Lalitpur, and the Karkotak Naga from Taudaha, travelled to the Kamarup-Kamachhe in Assam, India. They successfully tricked Machhindranath, the youngest son of the demon king Shashi, into coming to the land of Nepal. Upon his arrival, the drought ended, making him a protector of the land.
The tradition of worshipping Machhindranath continues to this day. His idol is placed in Bungmati for six months and in Patan’s Tabahal for the next six months of the year. The annual chariot procession of Machhindranath, the grandest festival of Lalitpur, sees the deity being taken from Patan to Bungmati, with grand pomp and celebration. At the onset of winter, the idol is ceremoniously returned to Patan at an astrologically chosen time. Bungmati village, located just 6 km from Jawalakhel, remains a tremendous and vital cultural centre, preserving this centuries-old tradition.
Patan Durbar Square
Patan Durbar Square, the heart of Lalitpur, is a significant cultural and architectural hub well known for its rich history and great artistic heritage. Known as "Yala" in the great Newari language, the city is famous for its well-made wood-laden crafts and impressive handicrafts. The square is home to ancient shrines, temples, and palaces, showcasing the finest craftsmanship of the Malla era (16th-18th century). Among its most notable landmarks are the great Krishna Temple, Suvarnadwar (Golden Gate), Devasthal, and the popular Patan Museum, each offering a glimpse of the artistic brilliance and religious devotion of the past.
With intricately designed courtyards and scattered temples, the square is a significant attraction for tourists and locals. Beyond its stunning art and architecture, Patan Durbar Square was the center for historical and cultural research, providing insights into Newari art, history, and traditions. The area is a great leisure spot for all Lalitpur residents who enjoy strolling through its incredible surroundings. Visitors eager to explore this UNESCO World Heritage Site are also required to pay a small entrance fee to help preserve its timeless beauty. Whether for study, photography, or cultural oneness, Patan Durbar Square continues to enchant visitors with its mix of history, spirituality, and artistic greatness. Besides the art and grand architecture, this place is also known for the quality Newari foods served by hardworking Newari people. You will totally adore the tasty Yomari and Bara that are a delight for anyone coming here for the first time.
Karnavinayak
The Karnavinayak Temple, also situated in the Bungmati village of Lalitpur, is a revered and sacred site dedicated to Lord Ganesh. Located around 6 km from Jawalakhel, it is one of the four major Vinayak temples in the Kathmandu Valley. The temple is believed to have existed since old times, and tradition holds that it was established even before the Machhindranath Temple, which lies around 1 km away. Devotees believe offering prayers at Karnavinayak before beginning any critical task ensures success. The temple was established before the famous journey to Assam, India, to bring Machhindranath to the kingdom of Kathmandu.
Every Tuesday and Saturday, the temple attracts a massive crowd of worshippers seeking blessings, particularly before embarking on significant ventures. The temple is also considered auspicious for marriage ceremonies. In addition to its religious significance, Karnavinayak Temple is also popular as a fine picnic spot, thanks to its calm environment and the availability of a water source. Especially on weekends and holidays, the temple has become a favourite gathering place for picnickers looking to enjoy nature through their spiritual visits.
Zoo
Located around Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, Nepal's only zoological garden, the Central Zoo is also a popular destination for locals and tourists. The zoo showcases many wild animal and bird species, allowing visitors to explore Nepal's rich biodiversity. In addition to the animal exhibits, the zoo features a children's park where younger visitors enjoy a variety of fun activities. For those seeking more adventure, the zoo also offers elephant rides and a range of boating facilities, making it an ideal spot for family outings and leisurely activities. Students are the most frequent visitors to this place. There are also places where you can rest and play with your children in the fun-made seats. They are also trains that your kids will relish.
The Central Zoo is also a favourite weekend getaway for several city residents looking for relaxation and complete entertainment. It's especially popular with couples and rest-seeking families who enjoy relaxing in peaceful surroundings. The zoo has visitors of all ages, making it a great tourist attraction. Whether for several educational purposes or simply for a refreshing break, the Central Zoo offers an unforgettable experience for everyone.
Nagdaha
Located in the Dhapakhel village of Lalitpur district, the age-old Nagdaha Lake holds historical and religious importance. According to legend, the lake was also formed when Manjushree, a Bodhisattva, drained the waters that once covered the whole Kathmandu Valley, making the land much more habitable. Over time, the lake, which remained the main water body, became the dwelling place of Basuki Nag, a serpent deity worshipped by local people. The lake is a revered site, and significant fairs are held there during the Nagdaha and Rishipanchami festivals, drawing worshippers and visitors.
The lake has also become a popular tourist destination, with several boating services to attract visitors and offer a peaceful recreational experience. On holidays, it is also a favourite spot for Kathmandu residents who come to relax and enjoy the calm, cool surroundings. Approximately 4.5 km from Satdobato, Lalitpur, Nagdaha Lake remains an important cultural landmark, offering a rare blend of spiritual significance and natural beauty.
Khokana
Khokana village, located 5 km southeast of Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, is a captivating destination for tourists seeking to explore the Newar community's rich cultural heritage. The village offers an immersive experience where visitors can witness people's traditional lifestyle, art, and culture. Its main attractions are the sacred Rudrayani Temple, a popular Hindu site; the Buddhist monastery; the historical Guthis; Mandalas; and rows of ancient mud houses lining the streets. These elements create a snapshot of Nepal's traditional art, architecture, and spirituality.
Khokana has also successfully preserved ancient customs and crafts despite advances in modern science and technology. The village is known for its traditional crafts, and notably, it is where Nepal's first electricity was generated. Although Khokana lacks modern amenities, such as syngas accommodation and proper restaurants, it offers a unique opportunity to step back in time and immerse oneself in the Newari culture. The place is unique in that no family from this place celebrates Dashain and Tihar. It is because they believe that their Jatra are older than the Dashain and Tihar festivals. Public transport is also readily available from Jawalakhel to reach this popular Newari village, making it a perfect getaway for those looking to explore Nepal's great cultural roots.
Rudravarna Mahavihar
The Rudravarna Mahavihar, one of the finest Buddhist monasteries in Lalitpur, is a significant cultural and historical site for locals and tourists alike. Constructed during the Shiva Dev Sashkarita era in the 6th century AD, it was later renovated by King Rudra Dev around 400 years ago, leading to its name, Shiva Dev Sashakarita Shree Rudravarna Mahavihar. The monastery, well known for its alluring artwork and detailed craftsmanship, is located in a peaceful setting, making it a great attraction for both local and international visitors. Its metal and stone crafts collection can be seen in the monastery's tiny courtyard, offering a rare glimpse at the region's traditional and fine artistic heritage.
The monastery is situated in Okubahal, Lalitpur, around 10 to 15 minutes from Patan Durbar Square and attracts many tourists, particularly those interested in Buddhist art and culture. The intricate works through the handcrafted art within the monastery make it an excellent destination for all the great foreign visitors, who often admire the elusive and brilliant handmade craftsmanship. Tourists from abroad and the SAARC region must also pay a small entry fee to visit the Rudravarna Mahavihar. Nearby, visitors can explore the famed Mahaboudha Temple, also known as the "Temple of Nine Thousand Buddhas ," adding to the cultural richness of the Lalitpur area.
Conclusion
Patan Durbar Square is a brilliant homage to Nepal's rich artistic and architectural heritage, making it a fabulous City of Art and architecture. With its considerably intricate design and adorned with great craft temples, historic palaces, and age-old courtyards, the square reflects the grandeur and splendour of the Malla era and the deep-rooted traditions of the proud and humble Newari people.
Beyond its arts and architectural splendour, Patan Durbar Square remains a living museum, where age-old customs blend seamlessly with the great modern life. Whether exploring the Krishna Temple, Patan Museum, or the many pagoda-made shrines, visitors are immersed in an atmosphere of timeless beauty and spirituality. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it continues to be a source of great pride, passion and inspiration, preserving Nepal's artistic legacy for generations.
